电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池组和电池系统性能试验条件和要求

本文是电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池的试验和要求标题下的电池组和电池系统性能试验部分。结合国标转化过程和实验室能力验证经历,在能量、容量、功率、内阻、能效和损耗等性能试验方法和要求作了具体的描述和解释。供实验室和相关产品的供需方双参考。     

道路车辆电气和电子设备样品在振动冲击等动力学试验中的安装

在试验方法和要求标准化后，振动冲击等动力学试验中的安装问题是决定试验是否合理和试验成败的关键要素。道路车辆电子元件和设备型样品的动力学试验是考核样品安装在车辆上使用条件下的适用性。振动试验还叠加了温度和温度变化环境，条件尤为复杂严酷。文内介绍了动力学试验中的安装需要考虑的技术要素，为试验实施中妥善合理地进行样品安装提供支持.     

一种新的飞行事故征候率监视与控制方法

为了改进民用航空飞行安全的监控手段,探讨了一种飞行事故征候率的监视和控制方法。通过采用W检验法,对中国民航2008年各月飞行事故征候率统计数据进行正态分布拟合优度检验。结果表明:在10%的显著水平下,飞行事故征候率总体服从正态分布。假设正常情况下,飞行事故征候率超过警戒值的概率仅为0.1%,选择该概率为确定警戒值的标准。根据前一年12个月的飞行事故征候率统计数据和确定警戒值的标准,以子样均值作为母体均值估计量,子样无偏方差的平方根作为母体标准差的估计量,可计算出当年飞行事故征候率警戒值;此外,还提出了控制民用航空安全水平的准则。     

Why are Californians interested in hybrid cars?

This paper explores quantitatively Californians' interest in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) based on a statewide phone survey conducted in July 2004 by the Public Policy Institute of California. The paper develops ordered choice models and factors that summarise beliefs about energy and the environment using principal component analysis. As expected, Californians concerned about the environment, energy efficiency, global warming and recent increases in the price of gasoline state a higher interest in hybrids; an even more important reason for considering hybrid electric vehicles, however, is the possibility of using high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes while driving alone, especially for people with potentially long commutes to work. The findings also suggest that beliefs about energy and the environment should be included in vehicle type choice models.     

Spatial gradients and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds near roadways

Concentrations of 55 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (C₂–C₁₂) are reported near a highway in Raleigh, NC. Thirty-minute samples were collected at eight locations, ranging from approximately 10–100 m perpendicular from the roadway. The highest concentrations of VOCs were generally measured closest to the roadway, and concentrations decreased exponentially with increasing distance from the roadway. The highest mean concentration for individual VOCs were for ethylene (3.10 ppbv) (mean concentration at x = 13 m), propane (2.27 ppbv), ethane (1.91 ppbv), isopentane (1.54 ppbv), toluene (0.95 ppbv), and n-butane (0.89 ppbv). Concentrations at the nearest roadway location (x = 13 m) were generally between 2.0 and 1.5 times those from the farthest roadway location (x = 92 m). The data were apportioned into four source categories using the EPA Chemical Mass Balance Model (CMB8.2): motor vehicle exhaust, compressed natural gas, propane gas, and evaporative gasoline. The majority of the VOCs resulted from motor vehicle exhaust (67 ± 12%) (% of total VOC at x = 13 m ± S.D.). Compressed natural gas, propane gas, and evaporative gasoline accounted for approximately 15%, 7% and 1% of the total VOC emissions, respectively, at x = 13 m.     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱联用监测环境空气中VOCs

采用全采样系统-全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱联用技术监测环境空气中的VOCs,优化了调制周期、升温程序、进样体积等分析条件.39种目标化合物在0 μg/m3～10.0 μg/m3范围内线性良好,检出限范围为0.03 μg/m3～0.09 μg/m3,标准气体平行测定的RSD为1.1％ ～5.3％.应用于化工园区环境空气样品测定,与热脱附-气相色谱/质谱法相比,目标物的分离效果更佳.     

基于G_1法的飞行疲劳综合评价指标体系研究

为综合控制并评价飞行疲劳风险,通过对疲劳影响因素的深入分析,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定疲劳风险评价指标,依据G1法编制专家调查问卷,采用专家独立调查方法对指标进行判断,根据G1法确定各指标权重,建立飞行疲劳综合评价指标体系,实现对疲劳风险的量化综合评价。结果表明:运用G1法能有效地综合利用影响疲劳的各种信息评价飞行员的疲劳状况,该指标体系与现有控制飞行疲劳风险的影响因素吻合较好,可以作为进一步实现疲劳风险量化的基础。     

基于SEM的机组资源管理对机组人为差错的影响研究

为研究机组资源管理对机组人为差错的影响,以沟通和交流、领导管理技能、监控/质询、情景意识、决策及工作负荷作为机组资源管理变量,将人为差错分为认知差错和操作差错,利用230份飞行员的问卷调查数据,采用结构方程模型(SEM)的方法,构建有关机组资源管理与机组认知差错及操作差错关系的结构方程模型.结果表明:沟通和交流与操作差错显著相关;领导管理技能与认知差错及操作差错显著相关;监控/质询与认知差错及操作差错显著相关;情景意识与认知差错及操作差错显著相关;决策与操作差错显著相关;工作负荷与认知差错及操作差错显著相关;认知差错与操作差错显著相关.根据上述影响关系提出了建设团队氛围、培养机组成员的协同工作和加强机组成员的情景意识保持能力等措施.     

LPG/汽油双燃料汽车实时尾气排放比较研究

为了检验目前应用较为广泛的LPG/汽油双燃料改造汽车的实际排放和能源效益,采用车载尾气检测设备(OEM-2100)收集了两辆LPG/汽油双燃料汽车的实时尾气排放数据,比较了实验车辆在使用LPG和汽油两种燃料时的实际排放结果,包括在不同工况下的排放结果的比较.比较结果显示,两车在使用LPG燃料时排放并不理想.本文还分析了两车使用LPG燃料的排放特点,又对两种燃料的经济性做了比较,得出车辆在使用LPG时的燃油经济性较好.